Facebook Case Essay

Facebook Case Essay Facebook Case Essay In this article the writer shows perusers Facebook’s endeavors to turn into a pioneer in web based publicizing. Being one of the most visited sites with in excess of 600 million dynamic clients, Facebook is a definitive spot for advertisers to exploit verbal. Imprint Zuckerberg and his group continually improves highlights of the site and grows new innovations to make a one of a kind method of individual publicizing. Today Facebook permits organizations to make free brand pages where clients can remark and post on them. Organizations and customers discuss straightforwardly with one another, assisting with bettering comprehend the market. Furthermore, Open Graph innovation incorporates Facebook with different sites, allowing clients to share intriguing articles, tunes and different records with their companions through the channel. In any case, there are significant issues that challenge Facebook. To start with, individual promoting accept the utilization of users’ individual information. Facebook tracks users’ action and inclinations, which helps target advertisements better. Ongoing utilization of Beacon innovation brought about an outrage, while many individuals were furious that their exercises were followed and communicated on advertisements. Second, individuals don't see Facebook as an inquiry site. Profit for Facebook advertisements is a lot of lower than that of Google promotions. Individuals invest more energy in Facebook, yet they use Google search when they are prepared to make a buy. Third issue is that Facebook doesn't create any benefit from companies’ free brand pages and Open Graph

A Case Study Related To Risk & Value Management

A Related To Risk and Value Management - Case Study Example The significant dangers of the organization may emerge to diminish in deals of plastic items, decrease in per unit cost of plastic items, trouble in adapting up to the opposition in the market, monetary situation, guideline and intercession of specialists, political mediation, social atmosphere, serious innovation, natural environmental factors and legitimate issues. Let us consider every one of these classifications of hazard independently for AutoPlast Ltd (Jones, 2010, p.19). Considering the current situation of synthetic spillage from the capacity plant of AutoPlast Ltd. also, sullying of water of River Cruze and ensuing flare-up of fire prompting the medical issue of the encompassing lodging bequests, town and fish advertise, there is a predominant change from the neighborhood network against the activity of AutoPlast Ltd. It is clear that there would be political intercession because of bungle and satisfaction of enthusiasm of the ideological groups prompting a few tumults and conversation between the administration of AutoPlast Ltd. also, the political elements. Political intercession would prompt interest of weighty pay for the wellbeing influenced individuals and any contradiction on common focuses would prompt spontaneous uses of the organization that is probably going to influence the overall revenue of AutoPlast Ltd (Coleman, 1988, p.11). Financial Although AutoPlast Ltd. is viewed as a significant player in the nearby economy utilizing a few neighborhood individuals encompassing the waterway Cruze, the current situation of fire episode because of the tasks of the organization prompting respiratory and medical problems of nearby mass would produce a feeling of traitorousness and scorn towards the brand of AutoPlast Ltd. furthermore, henceforth they would tend to dismiss its items prompting the fall underway and cost of AutoPlast Ltd. Therefore, the monetary danger of AutoPlast Ltd. in the current situation needs to manage in a vital way by the admin istration of the organization (Shapiro and Glicksman, 2004, p.106). Social Considering the current situation of AutoPlast Ltd., the general public has demonstrated some resilience to the organization as it utilizes a larger part of the laborers in the neighborhood network. In any case, considering the degree of harm as far as life and passing and the mental effect on the general public because of quality of energizers, the degree of hazard that AutoPlast Ltd. is going to hold up under as far as generosity and ensuing volume and estimation of deals is impressive. Mechanical Considering the current situation, AutoPlast Ltd. would risk cheapening and doubt of the advances utilized in its modern activity and procedure of assembling plastic items. The organization would need to rethink its expense on innovative work of the advances utilized. The up-degree of advances would should be viewed by the administration so that there is no further compound spillage from its stockpiling during a ctivity. The choices of the administration would guarantee that AutoPlast Ltd. holds fast to its corporate social obligation. Lawful Due to the present scena

Gangs in Rio Essay Example for Free

Posses in Rio Essay Posses have consistently been a test to a states government. In Rio de Janeiro ghettos have consistently been perilous in view of the measure of the measure of pack individuals going around with firearms, blades and numerous different weapons. There are numerous approaches to comprehend these packs; many accept that they do it for regard while others accept they do it since they have no other decision. In the film â€Å"City of God† we can see the lives of many pack individuals that live in the ghettos. With a wide range of humanist points of view we can appreciate different parts of these posses. Representative interactionist, Conflict scholar and Feminism hypothesis are generally extraordinary sociological point of view that will be talked about in this paper. Above all else, Rio de Janeiro is known for their hazardous ghettos. Many would naturally think brutality when It comes around that area. Regardless, Symbolic interactionist center around the emotional part of the public activity, they base their point of view on the picture they have of people instead of the picture they have on the general public. One of the key parts of the point of view is; we are impacted by culture and social procedures, for example, social standards. In the film â€Å"City of God†, we can see that numerous individuals join the packs since it has nearly become piece of their way of life to be posse individuals. Representative interactionist would be keen on the manner in which the group becomes rapidly. We can find in â€Å"City of god† or even in â€Å"News from individual war† that children join the ghettos armed force at an extremely youthful age due to the measure of individuals that are a piece of it. Taking model on the Runts in the â€Å"City of God† film, we can see that these small children are for the most part impacted by the more seasoned vendors distinction and cash. I accept that representative interactionist would be keen on how the children from the film â€Å"News from the individual war† don’t see anything incorrectly in their fierce demonstrations. They accept that they are doing only positive for their general public. By bringing back medication, nourishment and garments to the populace they envision themselves as Hero’s and has extraordinary residents. The general public urges them to proceed with these rough and risky acts by adulating them due to the things they offer back to their kin. This is a significant reality of the groups development in these low class nations. In this point of view there is additionally a significant viewpoint that says; we act towards other dependent on the implying that those others have for us. For instance, in the event that we take a gander at Knockout Ned’s killer, he was only a blameless kid that was attempting to seek retribution for his father’s executioner. Not knowing the outcomes this would have on his life he joined a posse to offer respect to his dad. Emblematic interactionists accept that our social structure is based by our social cooperations with others. As it were, representative communications would accept that hood young men had reason and avocations to why they were a piece of a pack. The team enormous development is a result of the social structure that they have in Rio de Janeiro. Also, struggle hypotheses would depict the circumstance in Rio de Janeiro totally in an unexpected way. Strife scholars accept that social orders are made out of gatherings in force, status and impact. For instance, in the film Lil Ze and his team would be considered as the gathering in force, status and has effect on kid. In the film, Lil Ze makes a standard of no hold ups or anything in the ghettos by pipsqueaks. This demonstrates Lil Ze has unlimited oversight on the network since he sets any standard that he wants, we can fundamentally consider him a president. Strife scholar would likewise contend that the weak are progressively inclined to disrupt the guidelines. We can take model on the Runts by and by; they robe stores realizing that it is against the social orders rules. In the film, Lil Ze appears to accuse casualties when he would carry out fierce violations. He was persuaded that individuals that disrupt norms should pay for their activities. He discovered joy in murdering individuals for no supreme explanation. Most occasions, the areas and social orders are the subjects of study, the fight among rich and poor. Destitute individuals appear to not have the option to get away from the avenues of the city of God, the chances to escape the ghettos are truly ghettos. In the start of the film you see vagrants strolling in the city and the storyteller makes reference to that these individuals have no place to yet to remain in the city. It is extremely difficult for the poor to abstain from doing wrongdoings as a result of their low degree of instruction, cash and opportunity. Finally, Feminist hypothesis is known to examine the significance of sex disparity. For the film, I accept that the ladies are experience all the generalizations we can envision. In the film we can see that ladies are totally utilized as item and are not regarded. In the scene where Lil Ze assaults Knockout Ned’s sweetheart we can see that it is on the grounds that to show how he can get anything he desires, at whatever point he needs from any ladies. He utilizes the young lady as an article as though she wasn’t worth anything. This could be considered as gendercide as it were, he assaulted her as an atrocity. The women's activist hypothesis likewise contends the way that ladies are totally disregarded in social orders. Taking a gander at the â€Å"City of God† film, the scene where the two ladies are discussing their sex understanding and one of them specifies how her better half would beat her for asking such things. This shows how ladies don't have their statement to state about anything in the films. That equivalent ladies get beat and barried alive as a result of her unfaithfulness towards her better half however yet, police are progressively engrossed into getting Shaggy. This gives us how significant the women’s passing is to individuals. Ladies are abused and overlooked from society since they are viewed as housewives by generalization. To finish up, there are various perspectives on film â€Å"City of God†, Symbolic interactionist can see it has the emotional part of the public activity, the gander at people’s picture rather than individuals picture on society. Notwithstanding, Conflict scholar are keen on the individuals who fundamentally run the avenues, the individuals in power with status and impact. At long last, Feminism scholar are for the most part intrigued by the sexual orientation disparity that we can find in social orders. Every one of these hypotheses assist us with having various assessments of individuals who live in ghettos like the film â€Å"City of God† and may bring to and understanding the individuals who in reality live in them

Cool Essay Topics about Disney Before 1989 Exposed

<h1> Cool Essay Topics about Disney Before 1989 Exposed</h1> <p>Creative thoughts can't be produced by everybody for everyone isn't talented with inventiveness. Exceptional qualities and terms of youth can be perceived. </p> <h2> What Is So Fascinating About Cool Essay Topics about Disney Before 1989?</h2> <p>The cast individuals are continually looking for an awesome chuckle. Most of individuals don't understand exactly how hazardous the idea of a Batman film was. There's the omniscient eye such a thing. You might want to interpret that feeling in your paper. </p> <p>If you're advising your target group how to carry on with a healthy way of life nearby, leave space for innovativeness and clarify that you are basically giving them models which can be modified and changed. In the event that you can't get a handle regarding the matter of the control, at that point you should not choose for it else you won't can compose on it. Withou t a doubt the most profitable dreams influence both staff and the overall population. Keep perusing to find out around eight significant contrasts between both of these renowned amusement park resorts. </p> <h2> Finding Cool Essay Topics about Disney Before 1989 Online </h2> <p>Just like some other work, you should start your composition with the development of a convincing discourse diagram. Basically take the ones which you find the most applicable to your target group and start your examination. While it is basic to fix the specialized issue, it's additionally suitable to recognize the dangers that make the passionate response. Triage whenever you have a chance to focus on specialized and managerial issues, triage the primary driver of the issues to make sense of what turned out badly. </p> <p>When you buy a paper from us, you're ensured to savor singular methodology since article help given by our journalists is constantly tweaked dependent on your necessities. You may either take any most forward-thinking or old examination work or you may likewise compose idea article regarding the matter of any researcher and his attempts to date. Your sources should be sound and legitimate. </p> <p>When it is contentious or useful papers, one must build up a point that could snatch the enthusiasm of the peruser immediately and this isn't such a simple occupation. Most of the people tend to flee from legislative issues and accordingly the governmental issues articles as well, in this manner it is very imperative to get the enthusiasm of the perusers till the finish of the exposition and that would be a lot of troublesome I know. You should discover better than average article themes, and the extraordinary paper subjects you should see has as special ones. There can be things you'll be taking a gander at without realizing they will make extraordinary exposition points. </p> <p>You are a real master concerning enticing article subjects. Regardless, It might be difficult to go over astounding points to talk about in a discourse. General review would fuse data that is covering the point for language article for an entire time explicit outline is just going to talk about specific difficulties. On the off chance that you effectively decide the target of language exposition than you should be sure the subject of language paper should fit in the goal. </p> <h2> The Nuiances of Cool Essay Topics about Disney Before 1989 </h2> <p>Expressing you don't have responsibility for issue or the conceivable goals gives the client a sentiment of being loose and weak. Without a doubt the most noteworthy point is the one which causes your own one of a kind passionate response. The most run of the mill reaction is to rate the value of the objection while you're tuning in to it. Tell the client that you have the issue and will apply your private exertion to make progress. </p> <p>Disney causes you genuinely to feel glad and is an undertaking you will recall for an incredible rest. Disney Productions was the sole liveliness business to create shading films for two or three years and all through that time earned gigantic benefits. Disney Productions is among the significant diversion organizations, bringing colossal benefits just as the delight it brings numerous people. It was the main movement business to create shading films for a long time and during that time earned colossal benefits. </p> <p>The creative thought behind Disneyland was it would focus on narrating and enchantment instead of other exciting amusement parks. Disney's impact innovatively can't go unnoticed. It is place where individuals of an assortment of ages can appreciate a wide cluster of attractions. In case you're in a little organization, let your whole existing group participate in the employing procedure, its useful in different ways. </p>

How to Write an English Essay for Your 7th Grade Class

<h1>How to Write an English Essay for Your seventh Grade Class</h1><p>Writing an English article for your seventh grade English class can be one of the most distressing things you will ever need to do. It appears that everybody in school needs to compose an article, and keeping in mind that you would prefer not to make anybody distraught, it is difficult to oppose that desire.</p><p></p><p>Writing an English paper for a secondary school English class is troublesome. In addition to the fact that you have to invest the exertion, yet in addition the educator needs to concur with the methodology you took to complete your essay.</p><p></p><p>Many understudies who are stuck on the point or subject of their exposition have an inappropriate way to deal with start with. I myself was stuck on my point for a considerable length of time. I kept thinking of similar answers over once more, and I discovered later this wasn't my metho dology at all.</p><p></p><p>I really approached my English instructor for help with my English exposition, and she disclosed to me she didn't have the foggiest idea what the inquiry I was posing was, so she wasn't going to get me out. You have to dispose of those musings and let the composing begins.</p><p></p><p>Now before you begin composing, how about we talk about the sort of paper that you ought to compose. These sorts of articles are called constructions.</p><p></p><p>The type of an English paper will be utilized by an educator and a portion of the techniques he uses to choose the amount you have to update or improve your exposition depend on his type of the paper. He will select the best structure for you. There are numerous approaches to make a decent article, yet on the off chance that you utilize your best methodology, it can turn into a masterpiece.</p><p></p><p>The procedure o f composing an English paper is a significant piece of the learning procedure, so ensure you locate the correct composing position for you. On the off chance that you don't, you will battle to make sense of what you should state straightaway, and your evaluation will endure as a result of it.</p>

Can an Instructor Write My Essays?

<h1>Can an Instructor Write My Essays?</h1><p>The procedure of composing an article that is distributed is considerably more troublesome in the event that you need a teacher to compose your expositions. At the point when you realize how to compose articles all alone, at that point you can without much of a stretch land the position done.</p><p></p><p>One of the primary things that you have to do is to make a rundown of the considerable number of things that you will use in the assignments. This is important to recognize what kind of articles that you ought to remember for your paper. At the point when you know all the things that you will utilize, you can be sure that there won't be any unexpected inquiries from the educator or the inspector. Actually, you will likewise have a rundown of focuses that you can use as reference for the thoughts that you need to use in your essay.</p><p></p><p>After having a rundown of the points that you are going to use in your article, the following thing that you have to do is to choose the configuration of your exposition. Would you like to present the article on the web or in print? It relies upon to what extent you might want to spend composing the article. You can without much of a stretch discover exposition layouts online that will assist you with picking the configuration that is fitting for your essay.</p><p></p><p>The next thing that you have to do is to thought of a subject that you know about and have the option to expound on it well. Additionally, recognize what it is that you have to state in your paper. Think about the theme that you need to expound on and ask yourself what you can say about it. You can begin your exploration by doing a pursuit on the Internet and different sources that may assist you with concocting the themes that you can compose about.</p><p></p><p>When you can compose an exposition about the subject that you need to examine, you can get the ideal outcomes when you need a teacher to compose your papers. To get the sort of results that you want, you have to compose a very much organized exposition that will fill in as a manual for the themes that you need to expound on. The most ideal approach to do this is to comprehend what you have to state and set aside effort to break down the data that you got from the exploration that you did.</p><p></p><p>As you compose the article, ensure that you follow the means and techniques that have been prescribed to you by others. At the point when you need an educator to compose your expositions, you can check the teacher's site. They can give you the guidelines and you can figure out how to compose your paper well. At the point when you need a teacher to compose your papers, you can likewise search for articles and assignments that you can allude to during the task. There is no better method to figure out how to compose a paper than by utilizing the assets that are accessible for you.</p><p></p><p>Lastly, when you need a teacher to compose your expositions, you can likewise utilize the assets that are accessible to you when you need to compose your papers. The Internet can assist you with composing your exposition about your theme. Others can assist you with showing you the techniques and systems that you should have the option to use so as to compose a decent essay.</p><p></p><p>If you need a teacher to compose your expositions, you have to comprehend the means that you ought to follow so as to have the option to compose an article. For instance, you can get some assistance from individuals who are very much experienced recorded as a hard copy papers on their theme. You can even request an expert to compose your articles with the goal that you can without much of a stretch get the assistance that you have to compose a paper that yo u can be glad of.</p>

Youth Essay Writing For A Youth Festival

<h1>Youth Essay Writing For A Youth Festival</h1><p>Youth celebration exposition composing is a scholastic method to do examine, assemble data and compose a fascinating paper. It is a decent alternative to add some fun and diversion to your secondary school or school profession. You can utilize the article subjects to make an individual exposition that greatly affects the reader.</p><p></p><p>You can discover a few things on the best way to compose a paper for youth celebrations. You have to get ready well before your examination will be finished. The real factors that you will remember for your childhood celebration article will be founded on some primary thoughts or topics. It is tied in with communicating in a decent way.</p><p></p><p>The first thing you ought to do is get a thought on what sort of paper you need to do. It might sound somewhat mind boggling yet it is in reality simple. You simply need to discover a theme that will intrigue you. You can likewise go for a verifiable subject like a creature story, history, old stories or a movement essay.</p><p></p><p>Once you have settled on the point, you need to concentrate on the crowd. Your intended interest group ought to be all youngsters or more seasoned. See whether they are keen on creatures, topography, history, legends, and so on. You will expound on different subjects and you should realize that these points are intriguing to your audience.</p><p></p><p>There are various topics you can investigate for your paper. Every theme must be painstakingly picked, so you are certain that it is intriguing and will resound with your crowd. It is significant that you have a firm handle regarding the matter since it might be difficult to expound on something that you know nothing about.</p><p></p><p>In expansion, you should figure out how to make it into an individual paper. T his will help make your paper additionally engaging and intriguing. You have to make a motivation behind why you ought to be remembered for the article and include the individual side of you. This is the most ideal approach to make your article connecting with and simple to read.</p><p></p><p>The composing some portion of your childhood paper composing expects you to be coherent and truthful. It will help on the off chance that you incorporate great references and references that can fill in as references in your exposition. Ensure that you remember each significant snippet of data for the theme. It is additionally a smart thought to attempt to incorporate all the data from numerous points with the goal that the peruser will comprehend the idea better.</p><p></p><p>Just like some other paper, you can begin composing your own childhood article. You should make it into an individual paper and concoct a valid justification why you ought t o be remembered for the article. By doing this, you will have the option to make a one of a kind exposition that can profit your own and expert life.</p>

Sample of Literary Essay - What to Do With Them

<h1>Sample of Literary Essay - What to Do With Them</h1><p>The tests of artistic paper offer a wide range of employments for understudies of writing. Most schools expect understudies to take an evaluation on each composed bit of work they peruse or even compose. You ought utilize this as an examination control, however should discover different approaches to utilize it also. Numerous individuals have utilized the examples of abstract exposition to help their writing in general.</p><p></p><p>How do you pick which one you need to do? Would you like to keep in touch with one and give a short abstract and afterward go from that point? Or on the other hand would you like to compose a few? What sort of essayist right? Every individual has their own style and strategy when composing, and might be the most ideal approach to begin is with the examples of the scholarly essay.</p><p></p><p>Write out your account first, the exampl es of artistic exposition give genuine instances of what to expound on. In the event that you have no clue about what to compose, you can generally take a gander at them for thoughts. They are additionally acceptable with a thinking of you need to do.</p><p></p><p>Next, you are going to begin to separate the example into sections, which are called parts. You will compose your content in the main section, and you can move along the passages as you feel is fundamental. For instance, in the event that you are composing an article about Shakespeare, you could expound on the play. On the off chance that you are composing a paper about Shakespeare's life, you could discuss his childhood and his own battles to adapt to his dad's passing. You can get imaginative here, too.</p><p></p><p>The last thing you need to do is include a presentation toward the finish of the book. It very well may be around thirty or forty words. This is to give the per user a synopsis of what you composed, and it additionally will enable your proofreader to know what your identity is and why you composed what you did. The examples of scholarly exposition can give numerous thoughts on the most proficient method to acquaint your work with your audience.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you will end with an end. The examples of abstract exposition give you genuine instances of how to do this. You could expound on the significance of your subject, or pretty much how your work can improve somebody's life. The examples are additionally acceptable at giving you a remark about how you are not composing only for yourself. It is imperative to take your peruser and the world as a rule, so the examples of scholarly paper are extremely useful for that purpose.</p><p></p><p>So this is a major piece of composing any kind of work. An example of abstract article can assist you with doing the entirety of this. So since you compr ehend what to do, you can get composing right away!</p>

GRE Essay Sample - Using GRE Essay Sample Sections to Pass

GRE Essay Sample - Using GRE Essay Sample Sections to PassThere are many very good GRE essay samples on the internet but not all of them will work for you. Many people get these essays and then are completely disappointed because they can't relate to any of the topics. The reason is that it's just a lot of reading. The more you learn about this part of the test, the better your chances will be of passing.One thing you need to know about the actual test is that you're going to need to write for at least 60 minutes. The reason is that a half hour means nothing. While that may seem like an eternity when compared to the test, you should realize that it is not. Your brain needs some time to stop thinking that it's constantly being tested.It's important that you don't cram before the test so that you have time to relax and think about what you're writing. You will find that the test is completely unrelated to the essay is very much a personal reflection of your personality. In fact, some p eople may even find that it may be less about the test and more about their strengths and weaknesses. Remember that this is the most important part of the test.It's really hard to figure out where to begin with your essay portion. You are allowed up to four essay types on this section. That means that you will need to have a good knowledge of a variety of topics in order to be able to discuss each one. Also, your professor may suggest topics that you haven't considered before.For example, your professor may suggest that you take on a particular topic that's been raised during your social studies or history class. That may come up in one of your essays. By referencing something that's already been discussed, you will be able to jump into your own ideas without much struggle.When you've decided on a topic to include in your essay, make sure that you research it well. Go over what other students have written about it before so that you will know exactly what to write about. Of course, they're not likely to tell you because they all want to be successful.Some people choose to include their student union membership numbers, which will give you an easy way to track your progress as far as your assignment is concerned. This is a good idea because it also gives you something that will be of help to you. You will have a very clear picture of what you need to write about and you will be able to relate this information to what you are going to read on the test.Lastly, be sure that you have plenty of practice with your essay portion. Be prepared for it so that you won't be surprised by it. You can expect to see it twice during the entire test. Be patient and read carefully.

Business Case Highlight Of Activities Of Social Media - 1375 Words

Business Case Highlight Of Activities Of Social Media (Thesis Proposal Sample) Content: Proposal for a business caseStudents Name:Institution:Date:Living in a highly competitive, fast growing and digital economic world, the use of social media in most organizations has increased significantly. Most companies view social media as a positive influence to their businesses. Notably, over the years from research conducted in companies that use social media, they reported that social media influences the revenues and sales of these given companies in a positive way. Therefore since every companys ultimate goal is to make profit which comes from the revenues and sales, then a company would even look forward to using social media which influences this. Use of social media has been seen to bring positive results in all industries including the telecommunication industry. This paper will therefore focus on ASCM Telecommunication Company its history with social media and the current status of its use of social media.ASCM a Telecommunication company in this digital era has tried its best to offer the best coverage to customers at the most reasonable prices for it to be ahead of competition. Its role in the industry being provision of services that are widely used by consumers ASCM has constantly been required to keep in touch with customers for the purpose of being the best service provider. Social media has proved to be the only effective way of ensuring that there is a well-established access and connection between the company and its customers.ASCM has been in the industry for around 18years and has been using social media for at least 7 years since it was established. ASCM started using social media before it was renamed from Web 2.0. During the first years of ASCM using social Web it was for the purpose of experimenting the different fields of marketing. ASCM partnered with various mobile telecommunication companies and through this it was able to access a large distribution network and was able to establish its brand. ASCM came up with various adverstiments campaigns that were able to win most customers hearts and attract new ones. After this effect of just an advert, the companys eyes were opened to investing more on social media. This was with the hope of gaining a strong online presence which would help in gaining customers and prospects Australia. The ASCM started with using Facebook to create insight by making it a platform where their customers can be able to have fun, and find sharable content. Resultantly, the number of ASCM subscribers grew by approximately 5 million and this was just the beginning.Highlight of activities of social mediaASCM was awarded the best in test service provider which is dedicated to providing great and fastest customer experience. After this award the company focused on creating awareness of its status in the region since it was ranked the best network provider in the region. As a result, ASCM created video ads that presented the provider as the best for everyone looking for a super-fast internet and great customer care service. The aim of these advertisements were to communicate to its customers that it would improve peoples lives by providing the best technology network that is easy to use as well as a great customer experience.Further, these ads focused on individuals around 18-45 year who are enthusiastic and open minded. These ads posted on Facebook helped run the campaign of the most super-fast internet solutions at a cheaper cost which increased the number of customers reached to more than 2 million people, and landed almost 96 % of the target group on Facebook. Notably, ASCM decided to have the most brand ambassadors on social media. This was a big event where the interviews were live on social media and all the followers and customers of ASCM could join too and watch the interviews live. This marked a big turn around since it was fun and most of all customers felt more connected to their brand choice, larger market was reached and customer servi ce improved since the brand ambassadors too, were among the most influential people on social media.Importantly, ASCM used social media when it was rebranding and naming its company from AUM to ASCM. All its social media platforms were flooded with comments and proposals for its new name as well as how they should rebrand their products and services. This provided a platform for the customers to express themselves how they feel about the company name and the brands. As a result, this did not only make ASCM company customers active and involved but it also gave the company which every organization struggles with getting. The turnout was great and millions of comments and views kept coming in. This marked a big turnaround for the organization even after rebranding and renaming its company.Additionally, the ASCM Company has been posting all the corporate social responsibility activities it has been being involved in as well as the ongoing ones. For instance, shows and events such as, m usic from around the world, charity events and so on have been posted on the social media. This has not only created an good reputation for the company ,but has also in a way maintained existing customers and attracted new customers which means increased market share and sales as well. This has as acted as a brand marketing strategy to larger audience for this company.Furthermore, ASCM came up with a mobile app which provided customers with the option of requesting to call or text to speak to an agent in case of an issue. Moat customers had the app installed and as a result ASCM was able to track customers opinions and comments on platforms like Facebook and twitter. Also, ASCM came up with a technique referred to as ASCM lucky win. This strategy was used to increase the awareness of ASCM brands in social media where customers were required to like ASCM posts and share them on their walls. This would give 10 out of every 100 customers who post and share that a chance to win shoppi ng lottery or a trip to one of the most exotic hotels. This created more awareness of the brand, its product and services and increased customer involvement....

The Characteristics of Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics

<h1> The Characteristics of Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics </h1> <p>After distinguishing the critical subjects, it's imperative to appreciate what every single one of these thoughts truly implies, past the underlying level. Begin conceptualizing now, and you may find yourself a victor! To begin conceptualizing subject thoughts think about these focuses. In case you're given the alternative of choosing your own subject to represent your benefits for a grant, these tips should assist you with picking which course to take. </p> <h2> Top Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics Secrets </h2> <p>This paper subject is a superb possibility for humor. Significantly after you comprehend what the article should be about, it can in any case be hard to start composing. A great paper is one which leaves a durable impression. With us, you may have confidence you will get a perfect exposition for fitting cash. </p> <p>Have a look at the representation of an extraordinary grant paper end. You don't have to have the perfect composing abilities as an approach to be innovative and make a powerful exposition. An extra thing to talk about to completely get a handle on the most proficient method to form an individual article for grants is the points to pick from. Thus, it's basic to search for a superb and reliable grant paper composing help. </p> <h2> Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics Ideas </h2> <p>The outright most significant piece of your grant article is the subject issue. It's easy to bring up a paper which has been composed exclusively for its enthusiasm. Remember to start your paper strongit ought to have the ability to start the interests of your perusers. On the off chance that you approach us for help, you may have confidence your article will be composed by genuine experts. </p> <p>A elegantly composed paper might be the most convincing bit of a grant program, and that is the reason long and consideration should be placed into its arrangement. Any place you study, the US, the unified realm, or another country, the paper will be conveyed to you on schedule. Not every person can manage the cost of prevalent instruction, which clarifies why a few people choose to join the organization's grant program. Being a piece of a tolerable instructive establishment can be expensive. </p> <p>Scholarship supports scan for candidates with vision and inspiration, so they may get some information about your objectives and yearnings. A few prompts indicate instructive aspirations, however others focus on business. Expound on the aptitudes you need to acquire during the investigation procedure, how they might be used to help the local network, strategies to respond the experience got from the general public. Else, you can say you seek to find a vocation way while concentrating in collegelead with what field you might want to contem plate. </p> <h2> The Battle Over Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics and How to Win It</h2> <p>It is a good thought to begin with setting details. The general configuration of your paper, for instance, text dimension and edges, will exclusively depend on the guidelines gave to you. In case you're utilizing cell phone, you may likewise use menu cabinet from program. Just think away from the crate and go from the standard. </p> <h2>What Is So Fascinating About Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics? </h2> <p>Have another individual ideally an individual who realizes the distinction investigate your article when you've wrapped up. Your paper gives you the opportunity to share your thoughts and dreams, articulate your achievements, and portray the characteristics which make you exceptional and meriting. Try not to be frightened to burrow profound and visit about something which may feel defenseless. There are various approaches to decipher this kind of brief. </p> <h2>Top Choices of Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics </h2> <p>If you choose an exceptionally clear course of action for yourself, you can present an awesome paper each time. It is desirable over keep being clear and directly to-the-point. The profession subject is extremely plain as day. </p> <p>Now it is feasible for you to figure out how to compose a grant exposition. Assuming no, you ought to figure out how to form an exposition for grant. Grant paper composing help is significant for understudies who can't finish their own grant articles. Seeing how to end a grant article is a basic piece of the achievement. </p> <p>In case you have some of this data down previously, it will be much less difficult to arrange a paper for a grant application. In case you're requesting a grant, chances are you're probably going to ought to create an exposition. In case you're truly keen on applying for grants, it is a smart thought to begin working on composing grant papers in advance. </p> <h2> Key Pieces of Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics </h2> <p>If you might want to fathom how to form a paper for a grant, it is reasonable to start from requesting a cheap custom composing help on the web. Our client service will happily disclose to you whether there are any exceptional proposals right now, and ensure you are getting the absolute best assistance our organization may convey. Compose after-school help with a web join. Oversee understudy prompting meetings with an on-line join. </p> <h2> Introducing Centralis Scholarship Essay Topics</h2> <p>The larger part of the candidates face these inquiries paying little heed to what the underlying brief is. The grants you find are probably going to fit into explicit topics that you should be able to recognize in order to spare your family time, dissatisfaction, stress, and most fundamentally cash. The chief test can be found in the basic actuality that such work requests imaginative aptitudes from the understudy who must arrangement with this sort of task. </p>

Adversity Essay Samples - Taking Advantage of the Essay

Adversity Essay Samples - Taking Advantage of the EssayAdversity essay samples come in many different forms. All are meant to give students a general idea of what to include in the paper, but it is important to know exactly what should be included for each of them.Writing assignments normally take on a specific format in which the topics are usually structured. Most writers use blocks of material and then write their essay as they go. Some outline the outline in blocks, which will make it easier to follow and write. Both of these styles work, and most writers who use the outline method also do the block format.Just like everything else in life, there are no rules to writing essays. The student has the liberty to decide what is best for their situation and the situation of their professor. Some writers do very well with the blocks, while others do quite poorly. In any case, any style is likely to succeed if the student is passionate about the topic at hand.In addition to writing diffe rent essays, students are given several essay examples. Some examples of good essays are always found online. However, these are usually short and simple, which does not offer a student a chance to write a well thought out paper.This is where a variety of different essays comes into play. Instead of just choosing one that they like, a student can get several different essays and choose the best of them. There are some essay samples that do not work for everyone, however. These are not necessarily bad examples, but they do not provide a good opportunity for the student to see how their essay could turn out.A student has an obligation to present their best argument in the essay. When they feel that they have done so, they can choose to use a sample essay to give their paper for a professional look. Doing so gives the student a chance to feel better about their essay and it allows the teacher to benefit from this piece of writing. Any teacher would agree that even if their student is f ailing a test or taking a test that they should not rely on the student's ability to write something great.Adversity essay samples allow students to research on the subject matter. This allows them to know exactly what to expect when the test or essay comes up. For example, they may have an idea about a topic but do not know what to expect when they present it. By using a sample, the student knows exactly what to expect and they can look forward to learning the best ways to present their paper.Adversity essay samples are really a good way to get more out of a paper. They allow the student to learn the basics and they allow the student to write about the basics. Any students who are having a difficult time getting their paper right, use an example to show them what to expect. Any student who is a professional writer can use an example to get better at their craft.

Leadership Styles in Healthcare Essay Samples

<h1>Leadership Styles in Healthcare Essay Samples</h1><p>There are a ton of extraordinary exposition tests out there that you can use to assist you with composing your social insurance article. Some have great tips and procedures, while others are increasingly imaginative. How would you pick which ones are the best for you?</p><p></p><p>First of all, set aside the effort to peruse a couple of various papers tests and make a rundown of what is essential to you. Are there any subjects or styles that you are searching for? These could be: the most significant factor is correspondence, or sympathy, or case of a particular circumstance. On the off chance that you can concoct a couple of topics, that will assist you with narrowing down the choices.</p><p></p><p>Once you have limited the choices, at that point it's an ideal opportunity to begin taking a gander at the Healthcare Essay tests that are accessible. You need to dis cover a program that you like or might want to gain from. They ought to likewise have the option to give you some incredible apparatuses to assist you with enhancing your exposition. Take a gander at various projects to check whether they have various styles and their own particular skills.</p><p></p><p>Other approaches to contrast various projects and assets is with perused audits on Ezinearticles.com. You can likewise visit the Program Evaluation segment of the Health Essay site and check whether they have any tributes of individuals who have utilized the administrations of that specific program.</p><p></p><p>Spend some time with the various projects that you are thinking about. This could be by taking an interest in a discussion or messaging the program's executive. At that point attempt to discover individuals who are eager to scrutinize your paper as they read it.</p><p></p><p>Find the program that has the best wide range of aptitudes and styles. They ought to have the option to assist you with enhancing your composition, regardless of whether you don't have the foggiest idea how to keep in touch with yourself. You can likewise approach individuals you know for input about their encounters and make a point to save this data in a note pad for future reference.</p><p></p><p>It's additionally critical to see whether the program has a paper test that you can duplicate. I energetically prescribe that you attempt to make your own before you take on a program. Thusly you can track with the format to get started.</p><p></p><p>I trust this has helped you see a portion of the initiative styles in social insurance paper tests that you can use to enhance your own medicinal services article. Do your research!</p>

The Dirty Facts About Essay Prompt on How College

<h1> The Dirty Facts About Essay Prompt on How College </h1> <h2> The Appeal of Essay Prompt on How College</h2> <p>The paper is effectively among the most problematic locales of the school application approach. The school paper is among the most fundamental qualities of your school application. Schools can tell at whatever point your paper is only a structure article. At the point when you apply to schools you have picked, you're required to form an exposition along with the application. </p> <p>Writing is a current that works out easily. Factious expositions are a couple of as well as can be expected compose as an understudy. Composing the school application exposition is a troublesome gig. </p> <p>Probably there are various components to consider so as to pinpoint who a smart understudy really is. Presently you can get certifiable school paper on the web, one that is going to accommodate your money related arrangement and complete your work as well. You have the absolute best understanding or accomplishment in your life before attending a university. Clarify your responsibilities, and you will be the sort of understudy universities find monstrously attractive.</p> <h2> The Tried and True Method for Essay Prompt on How College in Step by Step Detail</h2> <p>Always remember as far as possible with the goal that you aren't altering to get to the important length at the earlier moment, creating your article resemble a hurried wreckage in doing this. In case you're searching for top paper composing organizations, give a shot the referenced previously. In light of broad advisor input, the present paper prompts give incredible adaptability to candidat es to educate their particular stories in their own one of a kind voice. Lift your school article to the pinnacle of the heap! </p> <p>There's, normally, a breaking point on the scope of pages even our best essayists can deliver with a squeezing cutoff time, however as a rule, we make sense of how to fulfill all the customers looking for critical help. Utilizing NFL shirts is amazingly normal. </p> <p>You may likewise make sure about various limits on our site which will assist you with saving some more cash for future requests or anything you need to spend them on. You don't need to be stressed over your own subtleties that could be seen, as we handle the issue on a sheltered system. In certain occasions, you could be in a situation to demand results yourself. </p> <p>Application papers about difficulties uncover how you react to trouble to people who are truly inspired by how you'll manage the ensuing four years completely all alone. Numerous candidates don't benefit as much as possible from the essaythey pick the off base inquiry, expound on an improper subject, or just neglect to amass a convincing exposition. There are explicit themes each master paper author will encourage understudies to maintain a strategic distance from at any expense. </p> <p>At our exposition support, articles are constantly conveyed in a concise second. A great deal of expositions are doctored or composed by other people, she clarified. There are five assortments of factious papers. There are three sorts of factious articles. </p> <p>There are various article composing administrations that believe they're the absolute best, and accordingly don't be cheated and check the certifiable rundown of the absolute best. The most as often as possible experienced paper composing administration that the main part of our customers require is exposition composing. Investigate our composing administrations audits and discover how top of the line paper composing organizations carry out the responsibility. Two new paper choices are included, and some of the past inquiries are modified. </p>

Practical Incompatibility Essay Topics - Some Important Rules to Avoid

<h1>Practical Incompatibility Essay Topics - Some Important Rules to Avoid</h1><p>One of the best approaches to improve your odds for acknowledgment to the following level is to get familiar with the guidelines of handy irregularity paper points. There are five distinct sorts of points and every single one of them merits learning. Your exposition is just on a par with the subject that you decide to compose about.</p><p></p><p>One of the least demanding, best and most adaptable theme decisions to pick is useful irregularity article points about helping other people. At the end of the day, we as a whole have had a companion or relative that got us out of an issue or issue and helped us beat a test that we may have confronted. In the study hall we are encouraged how to offer input to others in circumstances where our endorsement might be addressed, however it is never too early to offer criticism to a companion or family member.</p><p&g t;</p><p>Another great theme to attempt when composing an article on handy irregularity exposition subjects is giving credit. Now and again a director may owe an understudy for completing a vocation at work, yet additionally needs to assume the acknowledgment for the understudy's work. Understudies are educated to think this way and afterward let it stream normally through their musings and writing to concoct a fantastic end to their story.</p><p></p><p>Finally, coherent irregularity article points can be viewed as a few distinct occasions all through your whole research paper. A genuine model would pick a point that will be the focal point of your examination or thesis and afterward weaving an article about that theme all through your entire dissertation.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to composing an exposition or an exploration paper you should be cautious and it is constantly a smart thought to remember the subject that you will expound on so you don't miss anything. In any case, in the event that you pick a subject that isn't really down to earth, you could undoubtedly expound on an inappropriate thing and end up with an inadequately composed dissertation.</p><p></p><p>The initial two kinds of consistent irregularity exposition points are revolved around your examination or paper theme and the following two are based on your regular day to day existence. When you settle on the point that you are going to utilize, you ought to compose your paper in like manner, thinking of the same number of fascinating subjects as possible.</p><p></p><p>When picking a theme, it is constantly essential to look for guidance from a companion or somebody who has done this sort of thing previously. This will give you a decent guide with respect to what the best strategy is. In spite of the fact that you will gain proficiency with the principles of handy irregularity paper po ints in the study hall, you will even now need to keep yourself educated and large and in charge with regards to composing and research.</p>

The New Angle On Spacex Falcon Heavy Essay Samples Just Released

<h1>The New Angle On Spacex Falcon Heavy Essay Samples Just Released </h1> <h2>Here's What I Know About Spacex Falcon Heavy Essay Samples </h2> <p>But we should attempt to learn together. The fourth flight end up being a whole achievement. The FAA likewise has a basic job in business transportation. </p> <h2>The Honest to Goodness Truth on Spacex Falcon Heavy Essay Samples </h2> <p>The gap is like a passage. You should exhaust the focal center to visit Mars, yet that is an incredibly unobtrusive cost to pay. Just by survey the logos above, you can tell they're mesmerizing, every one of them have something which makes them uncommon. There are heaps of things to find out about the ice mammoths. </p> <p>So there's an undeniable need to become begun with development. The boat is actually the more confused part of the condition. Goodness, the amount of an uncommon activity by this kind of fantastic group to develop this mind blowing vehicle or truck. Actually one of the important guilty parties that has hindered progress in the space business is the attention on intriguing and expensive structures. </p> <p>Today it's the inverse. This post may be refreshed as more data gets accessible. Why join the administration program when you're ready to work towards a crucial will arrive at Mars. Ensuing dispatches were suspended for more than two decades. </p> <p>The book reasons a significant bit of his organizations victories is the straightforward reality of how he is prepared to accumulate the absolute best up and coming personalities in the separate ventures in view of the enthusiasm of his crucial. The statement of purpose is something which a decent arrangement of entrepreneurs tend to disregard. So this post isn't care for my ordinary book surveys as I wished to focus on a business idea in the book. While India has figured out how to build a vigorous space program that is close to independent, most different countries, both created and creating, don't be able to dispatch satellites. </p> <h2> How to Get Started with Spacex Falcon Heavy Essay Samples? </h2> <p>Going to Mars will even now require a gigantic measure of speculation, advancement, and a large number of hindrances to survive. People are glad to find out about what it requires to make the up and coming enormous thing, and to be honest, so am I . </p> <p>In 2002, Musk started his pursuit to send the absolute first rocket to Mars an idea that would inevitably transform into the aviation organization SpaceX. A flourishing flight would deliver the rocket the best being used today at a segment of the cost of some other tantamount rocket at any point fabricated. Truth be told, SpaceX is obviously doing whatever is in their ability to be certain that the enormous rocket's absolute first dispatch is an entire achievement. Along these lines, Musk's absolute initial step was to make a reasonable rocket. </p> <p>This is valuable in rocket motor creation since there are a ton of cylinders and shapes. The ability to reuse rockets would achieve a considerable abatement in cost of room dispatches. Among the vessels seems to get touched off, bringing about the fire that obliterated the rocket. </p> <p>Still, it regularly sits in a money related organization represent a few years. SpaceX is at present alluding to a practice run by the finish of this schedule year, yet there's low trust in the dispatch business that the organization is going to create the cutoff time. Considering its reputation, be that as it may, it seems safe to state the association is appropriate to making it occur. Why join another car organization, when you can join the business that is planning to rethink the vehicle. </p> <p>The Falcon Heavy will be able to convey greater payloads to GEO, yet in any case, it'll do it at the expense of reusability. The payload for the absolute first dispatch of the Falcon Heavy truly isn't the one thing being referred to. Besides, the Falcon 9 has a recurrence of dispatch that is higher than each other rocket on earth. Learn more on the subject of the Falcon Heavy here. </p> <p>It is hard to accomplish dependability with enormous motors. The RS-25 motor was structured, thinking back to the 70s yet it's still among the best and viable rocket motors in presence. They likewise couldn't fabricate extremely enormous motors like the F-1, created in the usa. It's likewise a genuinely minimized motor. </p> <h2> The Ugly Secret of Spacex Falcon Heavy Essay Samples</h2> <p>A monstrous base of contributors is just as imperative to amplifying cultural impact. It's a superior plan with better. This system alone can assist you with adjusting your entire association, alongside banner redundancies and conditions made between groups. In spite of the fact that not accurate, there's undeniably a high positive relationship. </p> <p>A logo can't endure except if it's planned with the most extreme effortlessness and restriction. Inside this post you'd find in detail the chief reasons regarding why it occurred. At the point when you ow n an establishment of realities, you can procure a methodology to improve every little piece. In any case, it merits notice explicitly on the grounds that I am not a fan, especially since it is such a supportive delineations of the kind of tradeoffs you should make. </p>

How to Write Interesting Debate Essay Topics

<h1>How to Write Interesting Debate Essay Topics</h1><p>If you are discussing the subject of the class or the subject on the board, it is basic that you look into the topic of the theme for which you are discussing and to raise fascinating discussion paper points. There are numerous discussions in the advanced education today, and numerous individuals have gotten proficient at composing contentions. In any case, without a successful discussing device or guide, you will be offering the input of your rival which may not be at all interesting.</p><p></p><p>You have the choices of either composing your own discussion paper theme, or of attempting to discover one from the discussion assets that are offered by your teacher or the class mentor. However, by and large, you may simply discover a discussion device or guide that you can allude to. This is a significant thought, as this has a ton of effect in deciding if you can compose fascinating discus sion expositions or not.</p><p></p><p>Some understudies get mistook for the term of finding intriguing discussion article subjects, since there are such a large number of accessible these days. Be that as it may, it is in every case better to be arranged in advance, to ensure that you don't pick a fascinating paper subject that doesn't really intrigue you.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous points that are extremely fascinating to understudies who compose the points, however not in the slightest degree speaking to them. So when they discover that the subject isn't important to them, their contentions are handily vanquished and their sentiment doesn't change at all.</p><p></p><p>Since there are such a large number of points that understudies like to contend over, now and then they get such a great amount of joy from communicating their various assessments that they neglect to understand that these suppositions are n ot so much the most fascinating ones. On the off chance that you are discussing the subject and one of your contentions ends up being a finished joke, at that point that is of no enthusiasm by any stretch of the imagination. Since the point isn't sufficiently intriguing to the understudy, they may not by any means take a gander at different perspectives that they can come up with.</p><p></p><p>So so as to guarantee that you are composing fascinating discussion article subjects, and in this way really improve all the while, you have to have a guide that will give you the correct apparatuses to viably compose. On the off chance that you choose to look into your subject yourself, at that point you won't have the option to exploit the progressed discussing apparatuses that have been developed.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to abstain from burning through your time and exertion, particularly when composing a helpful article theme is to decide on a dependable asset. Along these lines, you will have the option to make your own discussion article points that will be really intriguing to you.</p>

Arguments For Marijuana

<h1>Arguments For Marijuana</h1><p>An layout of Argument For Marijuana is an exceptionally regular instructive composing guide. It is an extremely exhaustive clarification of the various contentions and lawful ramifications for the sanctioning of cannabis. It is additionally the perfect framework for any individual who needs to compose an extraordinary contention for maryjane. Any individual who is proposing to compose a contention for cannabis should consistently peruse this framework of Argument For Marijuana first.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous kinds of contentions that individuals may think of. The principal sort of contention is a reasonable contention, which is normally founded on the master's and con's of the position being introduced. All things considered, this is an intelligent contention. A balanced contention can be a consistent contention, yet it will never be an ideal argument.</p><p></p><p>A second sor t of contention is a short contention. These contentions for the most part include different sides of the contention and a center. You can for the most part discover this in various subcategories. One subcategory is utilized for the contention between two boundaries. A model would be between sedate authorization and prohibition.</p><p></p><p>A third classification is the logic, which is essentially the contention that can just ever be nullified. This classification is utilized for contentions, where the contention is just founded on an establishment that is just founded on bogus premises. Instances of this class would be a contention dependent on a position dependent on a bogus reason, or dependent on a bogus definition.</p><p></p><p>The tests of Argument For Marijuana layout of Argument for Marijuana should cannabis be legitimate incorporates a couple of instances of good contentions and awful contentions. It likewise incorporates exp lanations behind contentions. Every one of these sorts of contentions should weed be lawful is talked about in this outline.</p><p></p><p>The tests of Argument For Marijuana blueprint of Argument for Marijuana should weed be legitimate records three purposes behind accepting weed ought to be sanctioned. One is that it can help the United States adjusts its financial plan. Two is that it is a legitimate substance.</p><p></p><p>Another purpose behind the contention for cannabis should weed be lawful is on the grounds that it has been demonstrated to be both sheltered and helpful to the individuals that utilization it. Additionally, considers have indicated that the advantages of weed are constrained to those that utilization it, yet additionally have demonstrated to be viable in forestalling numerous malignancies. The advantages that maryjane has been demonstrated to have on the human body incorporate the capacity to decrease the odds of getting mind malignant growth, the capacity to treat torment, the capacity to treat circulatory strain, and different issues, for example, a weight reduction. Likewise, contemplates have demonstrated that cannabis assists with decreasing the withdrawal indications of tobacco smokers.</p>

Pakistans Economic Performance oer the Last 20 Years

Pakistan’s economic performance over the last 20 years Introduction PAKISTAN’S RECENT HISTORY In the last 20 years, Pakistan has oscillated between 3 personalities – Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif, and Gen. (retd.) Pervez Musharraf. The current President, Asif Zardari, it can be argued, is in power mainly because he was the husband of the late Benazir Bhutto, although he has come into his own over the last two years. Benazir and Sharif were both Prime Minister for two terms each, with each ending the other’s term, citing incompetency and unfitness to rule. In October 1999, General Pervez Musharraf seized control of the country and the focus of power in Pakistan shifted towards the President. In 2008, he resigned after pressure from the newly elected government of the PPP – the legacy of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto and now her husband, Asif Zardari. While the political turmoil and uncertainty of the last two decades has left the public with weakened wills and a spiteful distrust of politicians, the country as a whole moves ever on. The purpose of this report is to examine the progress (or in some cases deterioration) of various indicators of economic health; and in the limited understanding of the authors, present a view of why the particular trend is seen. INDICATORS – WHAT WHY Economic indicators are important statistics one can use to measure the economy, and in a sense get an overview of the current state of progress or regress, whichever may be the case. There

Managing Segways Early Development free essay sample

9-804-065 REV: SEPTEMBER 15, 2004 RICHARD G. HAMERMESH DAVID KIRON Managing Segways Early Development It was a cold dreary morning on December 20, 1999 as Dean Kamen – inventor, founder and owner of DEKA, a Manchester, New Hampshire R company – began his annual speech to his employees. The entire staff had gathered â€Å"to hear him talk about the past year, the year ahead, and whatever else had been gnawing at him lately. The speech was usually equal parts lecture, oration, pep talk, and homily, all of it seasoned with wisecracks. After the speech, Dean always called each employee’s name and gave out Christmas bonus checks, along with handshakes for the men and hugs for the women. †1[77] Bonuses were especially important at DEKA, where engineers worked for below-market salaries and received no stock options. Now Kamen was wondering if he could continue this approach. DEKA had attracted some of the brightest engineers because of Kamen’s allure and DEKA’s cutting edge projects. But for the first time, recruitment and retention were becoming issues. In the midst of the Internet boom, many of the most attractive engineering candidates were looking for positions that offered compensation packages that included stock options and salaries higher than what Kamen was willing to offer. Kamen’s long-time friend and most trusted lieutenant, Mike Ambrogi, had recently accepted a job at Sycamore Networks, which had offered Ambrogi a lucrative compensation package that included stock options. In 1999, DEKA had a difficult year, several projects were canceled or behind schedule, and many of the gathered staff had concerns that these cancellations and delays would diminish, if not eliminate, their bonuses. DEKA employees were also concerned about stock options, which had been promised only to employees on a secret project that many had never seen. Kamen had created a separate company within DEKA to design and manufacture a product that the team had nicknamed â€Å"Ginger. 2 Kamen believed both that the new company had a chance to become the fastest growing company in the world [50] and that stock options were appropriate compensation within such a venture. However, he wondered if it was fair to withhold options from the many other loyal and productive employees who worked at DEKA. After all, many DEKA engineers were responsible for Ginger’s early development. 1 This case draws heavily from Steve Kemper’s Code Name Ginger, Harvard Business School Press, 2003. Page numbers to quoted passages (contained in brackets) all refer to Kemper’s book. The Segway Human Transporter was called Ginger during its development. This case focuses on management issues during that development period. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Professor Richard G. Hamermesh and Senior Researcher David Kiron, Global Research Group, prepared this case. This case was developed from published sources. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright  © 2003 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www. hbsp. harvard. edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 804-065 Managing Segways Early Development Kamen struggled to find a fair approach to determining everyone’s bonus. DEKA’s bonus pool, which totaled $1 million in 1998, had typically been 15% to 20% of annual revenues and represented about the same percentage of salaries. Kamen considered several issues: †¢ What should be the size of the bonus pool? The number of DEKA employees had grown significantly over the preceding year, but the company had not made a profit. Any bonuses would have to come from Kamen’s personal funds, which were already being used to finance several projects. In the previous month alone, Ginger had cost Kamen $500,000. Should Kamen reduce the bonus pool, keep it the same, or increase it? Should the bonus pool be supplemented with a promise of stock options in Ginger? Unlike Ginger’s engineers, DEKA engineers did not even have the promise of options. Should Kamen now promise stock options in Ginger to DEKA employees as well? How should the bonus pool be allocated? In past years, everyone received a bonus. However, in the past, the company was profitable. At this time, many were not working on incomegenerating projects. Some had no projects at all. Should everyone continue to receive a bonus? †¢ †¢ Background At 49, Dean Kamen was a self-made multi-millionaire with no formal college education. He owned more than 100 patents, and was, according to many accounts, a brilliant, ambitious, visionary inventor with extraordinary sales skills. Kamen wanted to change the world, and already had. His practical medical inventions, including a portable kidney dialysis machine and a portable, automatic drug infusion pump, had already benefited millions of people. For these and other achievements, Kamen would earn the National Medal of Technology award, the U. S. government’s highest honor for inventors who enhanced U. S. competitiveness. (See Exhibit 1 for a picture of Kamen. ) Kamen’s entrepreneurial success began when he was in high school. Kamen had a summer job as a cabinetmaker that gave him after-hours access to Manhattan’s Museum of Natural History and its Hayden Planetarium. Kamen told the Museum’s chairman that he could improve the Planetarium’s lighting system. The chairman declined to let a 16-year old fiddle with one of his most popular attractions. Undeterred, Kamen used his pass to set up the show and convinced the chairman to see the Planetarium before throwing him out. The chairman was so impressed that he hired Kamen to create similar lighting systems for three other museums. The museum chairman was not the only one impressed. Several years later, the founder of Cordis, a medical equipment manufacturer, wanted to hire the creator of the Planetarium’s light show to make an audiovisual presentation for the company’s new pacemaker. Kamen was hired over the phone. When company representatives came to see the final product at Kamen’s production facility, they were shocked to find it located in the basement of his parents’ suburban home in Long Island, New York. Despite their shock, they were pleased with the presentation. Kamen’s brother, who was in medical school, encouraged Kamen to construct a portable intravenous (IV) system that delivered precise dosages of drugs at precise intervals. Such a device would revolutionize hospital care, freeing nurses who had to constantly monitor the conventional IVs, which were large, complex, and stationary. Kamen’s solution, a portable infuser, which he made from off-the-shelf components, reflected his approach to innovation: â€Å"I don’t have to invent anything. It’s out there somewhere if I can just find and integrate it. †[19] After a positive review from the New England Journal of Medicine, Kamen’s infuser became a standard device in hospitals around the 2 Managing Segways Early Development 804-065 world. He formed the company AutoSyringe to manufacture the devices, and used his parents’ basement as headquarters. As the company grew, Kamen moved the company out of the basement to an industrial strip on Long Island. New York state taxes soon became a nuisance, and Kamen relocated the company and 20 employees to New Hampshire, which had no state taxes. After three more years of sustained growth, he sold the company for a reputed $30 million. With the proceeds, Kamen purchased a plane, a helicopter, an island off the Connecticut coast, a large New Hampshire home, and 500,000-square feet of office space in a former textile mill along the Merrimack River. The Amoskeag Millyard, which housed a row of decrepit but structurally sound brick factory buildings, became headquarters for Kamen’s new R company, DEKA; a name that combined â€Å"De† from Dean with â€Å"Ka† from Kamen. As he first mill buildings were renovated, DEKA operated out of a machine shop that Kamen had built onto his house. While commuting to the Millyard in his helicopter, Kamen noticed several ways to improve it, so he bought the helicopter company, patented his improvements, and incorporated them into his company’s new helicopters. As the Millyard renovation moved forward, Kamen became dissatisfied with his options for climate control syste ms in the rehabbed buildings. So, he designed his own, and created a spin-off company, Teletrol, to make the systems [16]. Teletrol soon had a client list that included Walt Disney Corporation and NASA. Kamen’s wealth and natural charisma helped him to become a local celebrity, but one who was out of touch with the nation’s popular culture. He dated New Hampshire’s Miss America contestant, but was unable to recognize Barbara Streisand while sitting next to her at a luncheon on health care. He befriended former governor John Sununu, who later provided Kamen access to president George H. Bush, but was unfamiliar with former basketball star, Kareem Abdul Jabbar, who once wanted to rent his island. He would later develop a following among the new captains of industry, billionaires and venture capitalists, such as Steve Jobs (Macintosh), Jeff Bezos (Amazon), John Doerr (Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers), William Sahlman (HBS), yet Kamen had little idea who Warren Beatty and Andy Warhol were upon meeting them. In fact, Kamen’s cultural heroes were of a different ilk: Galileo, Archimedes, Newton and Einstein. Kamen believed that scientists and engineers could be, even should be, as highly and widely regarded as pop culture icons. So, from 1992 to 1993 Kamen started FIRST3, a robotics competition that teamed professional engineers with high school students from across the country. For Kamen, FIRST was much more than a simple competition. It was the first step in his pursuit of a world in which science heroes and stars matched the popularity of sports stars. Kamen recruited leaders of American industry, education and government to sponsor the events. Before a competition had ever been held, Kamen envisioned that the FIRST championships would eventually be held at Walt Disney World’s Epcot Center. Several years later, his vision became reality. FIRST’s 1999 national championships became the largest non-Disney event ever held at Walt Disney World’s Epcot Center. Kamen was as passionate about FIRST as he was about DEKA, where he brought together brilliant engineers, and cultivated an environment to bring out their best. DEKA Kamen believed in doing well by doing good. DEKA projects focused on developing medical technologies that he would license to companies. Royalties from these projects funded a second set of projects, which Kamen dreamed up. Kamen encouraged his engineers to approach both kinds of 3 FIRST = For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology 3 04-065 Managing Segways Early Development projects in the same way: as if they were addressing the relevant technological problems for the first time in history. When asked to improve upon an existing technology, Kamen’s team would reinvent the product. In 1987, Baxter Healthcare asked Kamen to improve its kidney dialysis machine, an expens ive, complicated, and heavy (over 180 pound) device that was as big as a freezer. Kamen told the DEKA team they were going to make a better machine from scratch. Kamen’s plan alarmed the only two MBAs at DEKA, who advised against making such radical alterations. Kamen responded: If J. P. Morgan had said to [the MBAs], â€Å"I want to build a railroad to the West Coast,† they would have advised against it as too capital intensive, with an uncertain return, because the railroad would be going into nowhere. Morgan’s response to such sensible MBA advice†¦would have been, â€Å"Morons! I know there’s nothing out there. That’s why I want to build the railroad! †[18] Five years later, DEKA had created an inexpensive dialysis machine that weighed 22 pounds, fit under an airline seat, and was easy to operate. Design News named DEKA’s dialysis machine the best medical device of the year. DEKA licensed the machine to Baxter Healthcare. Royalties from the product became the main source of Kamen’s personal fortune, and the primary source of funding for DEKA’s freelance projects. 4[19] In the early to mid-1990s, Kamen had little trouble luring the brightest and most risk-taking engineers to DEKA. The opportunity to work with Kamen was a large draw for many, who were captivated by Kamen’s charm, technical expertise, record of success, and the opportunity he offered to create something truly new and useful to the world. Another big draw was DEKA’s culture. Kamen encouraged his engineers to innovate, and seldom dictated specific goals. One engineer said, â€Å"Dean would never do something like give me objectives for the year. He would say, ‘If I gave you objectives, you might reach them, and that would be terrible, because it might keep you from doing something really great. ’†[35] While many larger firms tried to avoid development mistakes that might delay a project, Kamen encouraged his engineers to try outlandish ideas that might not work out. A Kamen aphorism set the tone for the working environment: â€Å"you need to kiss a lot of frogs (make a lot of mistakes) before you find the prince (find a solution). [60] Most engineers were thankful for the opportunity to work at DEKA even at below-market rates. One engineer described a widely held view among DEKA staff: â€Å"I owe Dean for giving me the greatest experience of my life. †[33] By the time DEKA had invented a heart stent, the kind that was put in vice president Dick Cheney’s chest after one of his heart attacks, its dom inant business model was firmly in place: create the most ground-breaking product possible, with little concern for time constraints; license the products, and use the royalties to finance the next round of Kamen’s revolutionary products. Origins of Ginger Around 1991, Kamen set out to fix the main problems facing those confined to wheelchairs – climbing stairs, having eye-level conversations, and traveling on irregular surfaces. He collected and studied U. S. wheelchair patents from the previous 100 years. Two years and a few million dollars later Kamen literally stumbled across a solution, when he slipped coming out of a shower. As he 4 One of Kamen’s freelance projects involved the development of a Stirling engine, a non-polluting, cheap power source that could produce electricity and purify water. NASA was working on a similar device for powering spacecraft. Kamen expected to perfect the Stirling engine first, which inventors had been working on for more than a hundred years, and sell the machines to developing countries. 4 Managing Segways Early Development 804-065 flung out his arms to balance himself, Kamen realized that he needed a device that could maintain its equilibrium, whether it was going up stairs or over a curb. The key idea was to make a machine that was continuously falling, but also continuously compensating for all of the factors that might make it fall. DEKA engineers took the idea of balancing an inverted pendulum, which was well known among engineers, and did something that no one had ever thought to do: balance someone on top of the pendulum, as the entire structure motored forward (see Figure A below). After two more years, Kamen’s engineers produced a working model that could climb stairs. Because of its herky-jerky, dance-like movements, they named it â€Å"Fred Upstairs† after the dancer Fred Astaire. Figure A Kamen used Fred to solicit additional funding, promising prospective investors a revolution in the wheelchair market. Kamen turned to Johnson and Johnson (J), the giant healthcare manufacturer, which had recently exited the wheelchair market. J CEO Ralph Larsen refused to see Fred, until his Chief Technology Officer told him that missing this opportunity would be the biggest mistake of his career. Despite his resistance to J re-entering the wheelchair market, when Larsen saw Fred climb stairs, he agreed to invest $50 million in its continued development. Kamen, in turn, agreed to deliver a marketable product in three years and to license the exclusive rights to all medical applications of his patents related to Fred’s technology. The culture that evolved at DEKA, however, created numerous delays. Kamen tended to send mixed signals about his priorities on the Fred project. He warned about meeting deadlines, but suggested improvements that delayed production. The suggestions were so frequent that engineers named the process, ‘getting Deaned. ’ When a manager vetoed Kamen’s changes to stay on schedule, Kamen would issue a counter-order. The impact of his suggestions was not lost on Kamen: â€Å"They’re afraid when I come down there because they‘re already up to their asses in alligators and all I do is bring new problems†¦New opportunities. [37] Over the next three years, the Fred Project also developed a culture of secrecy. One outsider called the machine Nobel Prize worthy material, and recommended making the project a secret. Kamen accepted the recommendation and closed the doors to the project, effectively voiding his policy of encouraging employees to learn about other DEKA projects. Engineers were hired for the Fred project without knowing what their job would be and without ever seeing the Fred prototype. However, with all of the secrecy and the delays, by the fall of 1999, the Fred project was more than a year behind schedule and millions of dollars over budget. 35] 5 804-065 Managing Segways Early Development Kamen was already enamored with another project that had originated with an adaptation of Fred’s early technology, an early two-wheeled prototype that looked like a motorized manual lawnmower. At some point in Fred’s early development, an engineer began playfully surfing around the laboratory on the self-balancing device. Lighter and more slender than Fred, the team nicknamed the new machine, Ginger, after Ginger Rogers, Fred Astaire’s glamorous dance partner. Soon after, Kamen realized that the device had serious applications. It was because of Ginger that Kamen retained the rights to all non-medical applications of Fred-related patents. Kamen envisioned entire cities built to accommodate fleets of Gingers. All of the problems of urban congestion, e. g. , environmental destruction and pollution, could be mitigated by wide distribution of Gingers. Even if the market for Gingers failed to achieve his vision in the short term, many markets could already benefit from a low-cost, efficient personal transport: mail delivery, theme parks, college campuses, even the golf industry. As DEKA created a more functional version of Ginger, Kamen began soliciting investors. One observer described Kamen’s marketing approach: I never tired of watching Dean perform his sales pitch to potential investors. It was entertaining and irresistible. Engineers know that heat always flows from a hot object to a cold object. When Dean began talking about his passion for Ginger to a cool investor, you could watch the target’s molecules heat up and start dancing. [49] †¦ he opened his pitch with an aperitif of statistics †¦ Do you realize that transportation is the world’s biggest industry, bar none? And that transportation and pollution are two of the world’s biggest problems? Even if we did have feasible, affordable alternative-energy cars, which we don’t, they would solve only part of the problem, the other part being traffic jams. Our cities can’t handle any more big vehicles. Yet in 15-20 years, most of the world’s population will be living in cities. Did you know that China is building eight new cities th e size of Manhattan every year? Cities are dying for solutions. [49] Then, [Kamen] and the investor would walk down to Dean’s double helicopter hangar, where Dean would tear around on a Ginger until the target’s eyes got big. Then Dean would switch the machine into a slower mode – known among the engineers as â€Å"CEO Mode† – and give the prospective investor a quick lesson. Dean liked to demonstrate Ginger’s balance by shoving the billionaire rider in the chest: â€Å"See? See? † he would say, jabbing the guy hard. â€Å"It automatically compensates. † Then the rider would roll off and his face would get that Ginger look that meant the hook had gone in deep. [51] Reactions like this – from billionaires and venture capitalists – were confirming what Kamen already believed: Ginger’s potential was practically unlimited. Indeed, John Doerr, the famed venture capitalist, later predicted that Ginger would reach $1 billion in sales faster than any venture in history. 5 For the first time, Kamen decided to start another company, separate from DEKA, to develop, manufacture, and distribute Gingers to markets around the world. Kamen explained his motivation to start the new company: Conceiving, designing, and protyping new ideas is what’s fun, and it’s what we do. Tooling, inventory, manufacturing, and service we have tried to avoid. We’ve let the big boys do that. We go along for the ride and collect a royalty. But there is no obvious big guy in the Ginger business, because there is no product like Ginger. So we’ve decided to be the captain of our own soul and do Ginger ourselves. [79-80] 5 Heilemann, John, â€Å"Reinventing the Wheel,† Time, December 10, 2001, p. 76. 6 Managing Segways Early Development 804-065 Team Ginger In 1998 Kamen decided to get serious about Ginger. His first move was to make Doug Field, an engineer on the Fred Project, Ginger’s first employee and chief engineer. In his early 30s, Field was a two-year DEKA veteran, with graduate degrees from MIT in engineering and business, and was originally hired to work on Fred, without ever having seen the Fred project. He described his reaction to seeing Fred on his first day at DEKA, â€Å"I had a huge panic. It had wheels and it was new. Oh my God! What if I hadn’t come here, and then I saw it when it came out? †[32] As chief engineer, Field was in charge of putting together an engineering team for the Ginger project. Field’s first hire from outside the company was Scott Waters, a 28-year old industrial designer, the first designer ever hired at DEKA. Waters was already familiar with the Fred project, having done related-consulting work for a small New Hampshire design firm. Waters had designed furniture, snowboard bindings, and a toilet for American Standard, and saw Ginger as the, â€Å"opportunity of a lifetime. It’s not just designing a clamshell for something electronic. It has all the meat I could ever want: concerns about structure, cost, worldwide acceptance, and usability. [60] Field hired Ron Reich to be lead mechanical engineer. His job was to ensure that the project moved smoothly from research to product development. Reich had managed 60 engineers for a supplier to the Big Three automakers in Detroit, Michigan and was accustomed to making sure schedules were followed. Like Field, he joined DEKA on blind faith. After interviewing with Field, he went home to Michigan and told his wife, â€Å"I just interviewed for a company that doesn’t yet exist, that’s going to make a product I didn’t see—and I can’t wait to start. †[38]. To find someone to run the company, someone who knew what was required to make a global business, Kamen turned to his friend, Francois Castaing, a former Chrysler senior vice president responsible in large part for the company’s fabled turnaround, and one of the first board members of FIRST. Castaing recommended Tim Adams, then president of Chrysler Europe. A long time veteran of the global auto industry, Adams was ready to move on after the company’s merger with DaimlerBenz. Adams had supervised the turnaround of Chrysler’s Lamborghini division and directed Chrysler’s Next Generation Vehicle Programs. Before taking the job, Adams told Kamen that he had already worked with a â€Å"mercurial entrepreneur and hadn’t liked it, because the owner had insisted on retaining control over every little detail and would sell the desk out from under you for cash flow. †[46] Kamen assured Adams that he â€Å"had no interest in being involved with manufacturing and all those production details. He needed someone like Tim to run the business so he could get back to the fun stuff, inventing and engineering. †[46] Seeing Ginger sealed the deal. Adams became CEO and president of the new company, accepting a more than 50% cut in salary and a promise of stock options. In exchange for taking the lower salary, Adams was allowed to fly business class. In October 1999 Mike Ferry became Ginger’s marketing director. Ferry came from Procter Gamble where he had been marketing director for a paper products division. His job was to identify how Ginger was likely to be used, select demographic targets, estimate demand, and test market the final versions of the product. With the management team in place, Field created a development plan that differed radically from DEKA’s standard approach to development, especially the approach taken on the Fred project. Field said, â€Å"Fred got in trouble by sticking to the DEKA model, which always asked, ‘Can it be done? ’ Instead of shifting to the product development model, which asked, ‘Should it be done? ’†[37] As a result, the culture that developed on the Ginger project represented a significant departure from the culture at DEKA. Ginger had a CEO, designers, and secrecy, whereas DEKA had a horizontal 7 804-065 Managing Segways Early Development management structure beneath Kamen. Ginger was focused on developing a product for global sales on a tight schedule. DEKA was focused on research and technological innovation on extended timeframes. Kamen summed up his attitude toward the growing distance between the cultures at DEKA and Ginger: â€Å"Those guys across the hall at Ginger are running a religious cult over there, not an engineering firm. They’re more concerned about †¦ the process than the result. It drives me crazy. †[275]. Tensions In the winter of 1999, Kamen had several concerns about the Ginger project, including the senior management, cost-containment, project secrecy and maintaining control over the project. Kamen’s focus on these concerns led to several problems. Senior Team Struggles Soon after Adams started, Kamen began to form the impression that Adams might not be the right person to lead the new company: â€Å"You talk to him and he says a few bright things, but he says the same few things every time. He’s a simple guy in a lot of ways and that’s his strength. He’s not nearly as bright as most of the engineers I have, even though I pay him two or three times as much as any of them. †[54] Several potential investors reinforced Kamen’s initial concerns about Adams. One venture capitalist allegedly criticized Adams to Kamen, asking, â€Å"where did you find an old-line butthead like him? [273] According to Kamen, â€Å"when it comes to knowing suppliers and manufacturers, [Adams] has been there, done that, and knows everybody. †[54] However, Kamen limited Adams’s relationships with these groups. He expected Adams to find suppliers willing to absorb the costs of developing factories for Ginger’s novel parts , without offering guarantees of volume sales – guarantees that were commonly offered to offset supplier risk if the product did not meet expected demand. Kamen believed that Ginger’s almost certain success would create a bonanza for suppliers. Adams was finding suppliers less than receptive to this view. Over time, Kamen and Adams differed on several issues. Adams, along with the rest of Ginger’s senior management team, wanted BAE Systems, a large British firm, to supply Ginger’s key balancing mechanism, a system of unique gyroscopes. BAE had already developed a version that was ready for mass production. However, BAE’s price was 50% more than what the team had projected, and BAE wanted a guarantee of 100,000 sales in the first year. Kamen was pushing Delphi, a large U. S. -based company, which was pricing the gyroscopes much closer to what the team had budgeted. However, Delphi had yet to develop a gyroscope, and was dodging many technical questions about the gyroscope they had in development. Adams argument for BAE was that, â€Å"It doesn’t matter if we reduce cost if we don’t have inventory. †[274] Kamen’s counterargument was that Delphi’s lower costs could save the company tens of millions of dollars and might not create a large delay in production, if any of the other steps in the production schedule fell behind. Kamen and Adams also differed on where production was to occur. Adams had yet to receive permission to build a factory and move project engineers to a location outside of DEKA. He had proposed several sites nearby in New Hampshire, but Kamen rejected every one. Kamen even hinted that he might locate the manufacturing site within the Amoskeag Millyard, even though the Millyard’s location presented significant shipping challenges. Because Kamen expected to ship 8 Managing Segways Early Development 804-065 between 200,000 and 500,000 Gingers in the first year [230]6, Adams and his team believed that the Millyard could not possibly accommodate the vast resources and networks required to produce and distribute such large volumes of product. Adams was not the only one on the senior team to be constrained by Kamen’s approach to building the new company. Kamen’s concerns with secrecy were restricting the marketing decisions of Mike Ferry, whose group Kamen had begun calling â€Å"The Three Mouseketeers. † Kamen prohibited any test marketing that risked exposing Ginger to the public, despite Ferry’s insistence that postponing the tests threatened initial sales. Adams said, â€Å"It’s hard to know if you have the right marketing targets if you can’t talk to people. It’s difficult to know if your regulatory strategy is correct if you can’t talk to people. †[232] Kamen, however, was worried that Honda or some other automotive company would find out about Ginger and duplicate its technology. For Kamen the automotive industry was Ginger’s main competitive threat. He told one prospective candidate for the CIO position, â€Å"You worked for IBM, and they never saw the PC coming, which was going to wipe them out. And the PT – the personal transporter – will do the same to the auto industry. [230] Secrecy on the Ginger project was such a concern that any outsider – consultants, job candidates and test riders – who had to see Ginger had to be cleared through Kamen, not even CEO Adams could offer clearance. Personnel Issues Kamen was financing Ginger entirely out of his own pocket, and was trying to duplicate his successful strategy at DEKA – hiring brilliant engineers at below-market rates b y offering them the chance to work on new, world-changing projects. By the end of 1999, however, the Internet boom was providing many of the best engineers with the chance to do novel work, and become millionaires at the same time. Yet Kamen refused to offer competitive rates for both senior managers and engineers. For instance, Kamen balked at Adams’s request for a senior level procurement manager, at a $200,000 annual salary, suggesting instead that Adams hire someone smart for $35,000 a year, and teach them what they needed to know. [135] Kamen also refused to hire an HR manager to do recruitment due to cost considerations, even though Field and other senior team members were then forced to spend valuable time doing interviews. The interviews often failed to produce a new hire. Ginger’s managers were making offers that were 80% of what they considered a rock-bottom salary. They called the 80% the Dean factor. After several months of looking for new engineers, Field had only half of the personnel he needed: not enough to gain a head start on the next Ginger prototype. As the project slipped behind schedule, Kamen refused Field’s request to tap the most convenient pool of engineers†¦at DEKA. According to Kamen, â€Å"Somebody has to keep working at Fred. †[173] Kamen’s tactics were creating tensions both on and off the Ginger project. Ginger already had several engineers on loan from DEKA, including several of Ginger’s most important engineers, and none had been promised options in the Ginger company. Adams characterized the options situation on the Ginger team as â€Å"explosive. †[67] For DEKA engineers working on other projects, compensation was becoming an issue, especially for veteran staff. A very senior DEKA engineer and Kamen’s best friend at the company, Mike Ambrogi, had already decided to leave. Ambrogi had graduated at the top of his MIT class and was considered part of DEKA’s foundation and soul. However, Ambrogi wanted a greater financial stake 6 Kamen’s marketing team believed, however, that first year sales would not exceed 150,000 units [194]. 9 804-065 Managing Segways Early Development in DEKA than what his friend Kamen was prepared to offer. Other veteran staff simply resented the Ginger project, which was developing a reputation for out-of-control spending. Soon after Adams started, many within DEKA believed (falsely) that all Ginger staff flew business class. The fact that only Ginger project engineers had been promised options only added to the frustrations of some DEKA engineers. Some DEKA engineers considered following Ambrogi’s lead, but many more were anxious to join the Ginger project. One engineer said to Field, â€Å"If Fred is hell and Ginger is heaven, you must be Jesus Christ. I hope you’ll save me. †[173] Conclusion: For Love or Money? By the time Kamen’s speech moved into its second hour, he had yet to discuss the issue of bonuses. The staff was becoming antsy. Throughout 1999, several DEKA projects had lost their funding sources, either because sponsors had decided to cancel or because they had simply run out of money. Project cancellations had left 30 to 40 engineers without a project, about 20% of the company’s engineers. â€Å"[M]y rule is that no one will lose a job for causes that aren’t their ethical or professional fault,† Kamen said. â€Å"The consequence is that DEKA—that is, me—had to absorb that expense. †[79] Then, more bad news: the Fred project was continuing to encounter delays. And the Ginger project was becoming much more expensive than he had anticipated. He had yet to find a satisfactory outside investor, spending millions of his own money on Ginger in order to find a venture capitalist that accepted his terms. My idea of a good partner for Ginger is someone who leaves us in total control,† Kamen said. â€Å"We’ve spent a few million this year waiting for the right partner. †[85] Kamen was willing to sell a 10% stake in Ginger for $50 million. Once the financing came through, Kamen’s plan was to grant a 10% stak e in the form of stock options to Ginger’s management team. Although he expected other DEKA projects to deliver hefty profits in the near future, Kamen expected the greatest success to come from Ginger. Kamen told the group, â€Å"whether you like it or not, I am your 401(k) manager. I’m investing in Ginger for you. Imagine what life will be like when we can fund internal projects, and I can eat and sleep again. I don’t think it’s hard to imagine. †[85] As he turned to the topic of bonuses, Kamen told the group that if bonuses were paid, he would need to take out a loan to help pay for them. 10 Managing Segways Early Development 804-065 Exhibit 1 Dean Kamen http://www. bricklin. com/deankamen. htm. Accessed October 21, 2003. 11